OntologyRelations

两个词条之间无任何关系

The is a relation

The Is a relation forms the basic Structure Of GO. If we say A Is a B, we mean that node A Is a subtype Of node B. For example, mitotic cell cycle Is a cell cycle, Or lyase activity Is a catalytic activity. It should be noted that Is a does Not mean 'is an instance of’. An ‘instance’, ontologically speaking, is a specific example of something; e.g. a cat is a mammal, but Garfield is an instance of a cat, rather than a subtype of cat. GO, like most ontologies, does not use instances, and the terms in GO represent a class of entities or phenomena, rather than specific manifestations thereof. However, if we know that cat is a mammal, we can say that every instance of cat is a mammal.

Reasoning over is a

 Is a ∘Is a → Is a

The Is a relation Is transitive, which means that If A Is a B, And B Is a C, we can infer that A Is a C.

(child is a parent class object.)

这个直接表示两个term之间在归属上面的关系，右边相对于左边而言是一个更加宽泛的概念，例如：

 a is_a b
 
 [RNA localization] is_a [macromolecule localization]
 [protein localization] is_a [macromolecule localization]

RNA定位和蛋白质定位，由于RNA和蛋白质都属于生物大分子，所以二者都是生物大分子定位的概念。 生物大分子定位相对于RNA定位或者蛋白定位而言，是一个更加宽泛的概念。

由于一个term也有可能会从属于多个概念，所以通过is_a可以构成一个有向无环图

The part of relationship

The relation part of Is used To represent part-whole relationships In the Gene Ontology. part Of has a specific meaning In GO, And a part Of relation would only be added between A And B If B Is necessarily part Of A: wherever B exists, it Is As part Of A, And the presence Of the B implies the presence Of A. However, given the occurrence Of A, we cannot say For certain that B exists.

Reasoning over part of

 part Of∘ part Of → part Of

Like Is a, part of Is transitive: If A part Of B part Of C Then A part Of C

The has part relationship

The logical complement To the part Of relation Is has part, which represents a part-whole relationship from the perspective Of the parent. As With part Of, the GO relation has part Is only used In cases where A always has B As a part, i.e. where A necessarily has part B. If A exists, B will always exist; however, If B exists, we cannot say For certain that A exists. i.e. all A have part B; some B part Of A.

Reasoning over has part

 has part ∘has part → has part

has part Is a transitive relation; If A has part B, And B has part C, we can infer that A has part C.

The regulates relation

Another common relationship In the Gene Ontology Is that where one process directly affects the manifestation Of another process Or quality, i.e. the former regulates the latter. The target Of the regulation may be another process—For example, regulation Of a pathway Or an enzymatic reaction—Or it may be a quality, such As cell size Or pH. Analogously To part Of, this relation Is used specifically To mean necessarily regulates: If both A And B are present, B always regulates A, but A may Not always be regulated by B. i.e. all B regulate A; some A regulated by B.

biological process